1.4+LANDFORMS

• Describe what is meant by different types of weathering – physical/mechanical (freeze-thaw action, exfoliation), chemical (carbonation, oxidation) and biological.
=== • Explain the main factors influencing the type and rate of weathering – climate and rock features (mineral composition, grain size of the rock, presence of lines of weakness). The influence of climate on the rate of weathering could be illustrated with reference to simple explanation as to why weathering is more rapid in humid tropical regions of the world than in temperate regions. ===

• Demonstrate an understanding of the work of a river in eroding, transporting and depositing. Reference should be made to the erosional processes of hydraulic action, corrasion, corrosion (solution) and attrition. River transport should include the processes of traction, saltation, suspension and solution. Reasons why and where in a river’s course deposition takes place should be studied. It should be realised that the effectiveness of the river processes concerned will vary according to the volume and velocity of the running water and the nature of the load (boulders, pebbles, sand and silt) which, in turn, will be affected by the bedrock along the course of the river. • Describe and explain the landforms associated with these processes.

**A study should be made of the following:** **Forms of river valleys – long profile and shape in cross section, rapids, waterfalls, potholes, meanders, oxbow lakes, deltas, levées and flood plains.**

• Demonstrate an understanding of wave processes in eroding a coastline and re-sorting and depositing materials removed through erosion. Candidates should understand the types of waves and the components of waves, swash and backwash. The erosional processes of wave action should include an understanding of corrasion, hydraulic action, corrosion and attrition. Transport of material along a coastline should be appreciated; onshore and offshore movements together with an understanding of movement along a coastline (longshore drift). The action of wind in shaping coastal sand dunes should also be understood.

• Describe and explain the landforms associated with these processes.

• Describe the conditions required for the development of coral reefs.

• Describe fringing and barrier reefs and atolls.

**A study should be made of the following coastal landforms:** **Cliffs, wave-cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks, bay and headland coastlines, beaches, spits and bars, coastal sand dunes and marsh.**

**RIVER FLOODING PRESENTATION**

**Bangladesh Flooding** media type="custom" key="24471930"

SANTI & ALEX

media type="custom" key="24471824" Paula & Miranda Molly & Maria Jose

**REVISION CASE STUDY**